The 1800 saw the spread of industries across Europe and the United States and with them the desire to expand the search for new markets and raw materials. Even in the art each state wants to promote their culture and history.

It 'so that Romanticism was born in Germany, which is particularly popular and patriotic fight scenes, news and episodes of popular life. In Italy one of the most significant movements formed around 1850 in Florence, where a group of artists formed by Signorini, Fattori, Lega, Borrani and Abbati to be found and discuss at the "Michelangelo's Coffee." Born Macchiaioli painters who, through the technique of "spot", that is the use of color contrasts of color and brushstrokes depict scenes of rural life, work activities and landscapes of the Tuscan countryside. 

Meanwhile in France the movement was born of the Impressionists, also painted scenes of everyday life and landscapes. their characteristic is the painting "en plein air", which prefer open air painting rather than in the studio as they are more interested in the effect of natural light rather than the exact design, to be mentioned among them Monet, Renoir and Gauguin. Towards the end of 1800 always in France was born Symbolism, the painters of this movement made ​​use of bright colors and highly expressive lines for the representation of subjects literary, mythological and religious.